This year
Rascal Micro: small computers for art and science
The Rascal has its own web-based editor on board, it works with most Arduino shields, and you can program it in Python.
Please welcome ArduPilotMega 2.0! - DIY Drones
The same hardware can autonomously control planes, multicopters, regular helicopters, rovers, even boats, with just a one-click firmware change--no programming required! Best-of-breed mission planning and two-way telemetry, and soon with advanced scripting with Python for robot acrobatics and more.
2009
macosxvirtualserialport - Project Hosting on Google Code
Do you want to test your next Mac OS X-to-Arduino project without always having the Arduino available? Do you want to test you cool Processing application when your mate hasn't finished writing the Arduino sketch? Do you want to do test driven development of your Mac OS X based application without dependency on your microcontroller? If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then VirtualSerialPortApp is for you!
Arduino Forum - Arduino-Python bridge
Here is a Python library that I cooked up to replace Firmata/Pyduino, which I could not get working with my Diecimila. The library is based on the Simple Message System protocol, an Arduino library intended to facilitate simple i/o control between computer and microcontroller (it can be found here: http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/SimpleMessageSystem). My Python library is pretty self-explanatory (just make sure you have the SMS example sketch loaded on your Arduino)
